LEPTOSPIROSIS

IgG AND IgM

• Negative : ≤0.90 OD ratio
• Equivocal :0.91-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive : ≥1.11 OD ratio

PCR 

• POSITIVE-10^5-10⁹ leptospirosis/l

• Leptospira interrrogans causes leptospirosis, usually a mild febrile illness that may result in liver or kidney failure. Leptospira enters the host through mucosa and broken skin resulting in bacteremia. Infective bacteria are shed in the urine. Direct or indirect contact with urine containing virulent leptospires is the major means by which leptospirosis is transmitted. It manifests in two forms; Anicteric leptospirosis (without jaundice) and Icteric Leptospirosis (with jaundice, also called as Weil’s disease)
• If Positive-IgM antibodies to Leptospira is detected it indicate current or recent infection.
• The Gold standard tests are MAT and PCR
• PCR detects in blood in first 5-10 days
• Equivocal specimen should be cautiously interpreted. Further testing with an additional specimen is recommended.
• Negative-No significant level of detectable Leptospira IgM antibodies
• Equivocal- Repeat testing in 10-14 days may be helpful
• Positive-IgM antibodies to Leptospira detected. Which may indicate current or recent infection.

• When there is s/s of Leptospira (High fever, headache, bleeding, muscle pain, chills, red eyes and vomiting or diarrhea etc.