Direct Bilirubin

0-0.3 mg/dl

Indirect Bilirubin

0.2 - 0.9 mg/dl

SGOT / AST (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic transaminase / Asparate Aminotransferase)

10-40 U/L

ALT / SGPT ( ALANINIE AMINOTRANSFERASE / SERUM GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE)

10 -40 U/L

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

Males : 53 – 128 U/L

Females : 42 -98 U/L

Infants : 150 – 420 U/L Children : 100 -320 U/L

GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE / GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT)

• male : <50
• Female <30

SERUM ALBUMIN

3.2 – 5.0 g/dl

GLOBULIN

Adults : 2 - 3.5 g/dl

Alpha 1 - 0.1 – 0.3 g/dl

Alpha 2 : 0.6 -1 g/dl

Beta : 0.7 -1.1 g/dl

A/G RATIO

2: 1

BLOOD UREA NITROGEN

• BUN - 7-18 mg /dl
• Urea – 10- 40 mg/dl
• BUN reflects only the nitrogen content of Urea and Urea measurement reflects the whole of the molecule, Urea is approximately twice(2.14)that of BUN

CREATININE

• 0.7 - 1.4 mg%

CHLORIDE

• 98 – 106 mmol/L

POTASSIUM

• 3.5 - 5.1 mmol/L

SODIUM

• 136 - 145 mmol/L

FERRITIN

• Male- 22-322 ng/dl
• Female – 10-292 ng/dl

FOLIC ACID

• 3-17 ng/ml

IRON

• Men- 59- 158 ug/dl
• Female -37-145 ug/dl

Pediatric Normal range –

• New born- 100-200 ug/dl
• Infant- 40-100 ug/dl
• Children-50-120ug/dl

TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY

• Normal range& Test Units : 228-428 mg/dl 
• Paediatric normal range : 281-483 mg/dl

VITAMIN B 12

• Normal range & Test Units : 200-910 pg/ml

CA 15.3

• <38.6 U/ml

CA 19.9

• < 37 U/ml

CA 125

• <36 U/ml

COMPLEXED PSA (cPSA)

• <3.6mg/ml

FREE PSA

• < 0.05 – 0.42 ng/ml

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN

• Normal: < 4 ng/ml
• Borderline: 4 -10 ng/ml

CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN

• 0 – 2.5 ng/ml
• Smokers : 0 -5 ng/ml

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE

• < 3.5 ng/ml

APOLIPOPROTEIN B

• Male : 55-140 mg/dl
• Female : 55 -125 mg/dl

ApoB / Apo A1 Ratio

CREATINE KINASE –MB(CK-MB)

• 0-5ng/ml

HIGH SENSITIVITY CRP(hs – CRP)

• <0.3mg/dl

LIPOPROTEIN A

• < 30 mg/dl

Troponin (I or T)

• Normal Range : < 0.04 ng/ml
• Probable heart attack : > 0.40 ng/ml

HDL (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN)

• Males : > 40 mg/dl Females > 50 mg/dl

LDL

• Optimal < 100 mg/dl
• Near optimal , above optimal 100-130 mg/dl
• Borderline high 130 – 160 mg/dl
• High 160 – 190 mg/dl
• Very high : > 190 mg/dl

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL

• 6.0 -8.3 g/dl

Triglycerides

• Desirable : <150 mg/dl
• Borderline high : 150 -199 mg/dl
• High : 200 -499 mg/dl
• Very high : >500 mg/dl

VLDL

• 2-30 mg/dl

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1

• Adult Male 120 -205mg/dl
• Female : 140 -215 mg/dl

FBS

• Normal fasting Glucose 70-110 mg/dl
• Pre diabetes: 110-125 mg/dl
• Diabetes > 125 mg/dl

PPBS

• < 140 mg/dl

RBS

• < 80 -160 mg/dl

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (GTT)

Fasting plasma glucose (measured before GTT) :

< 110 mg/dl Normal 

110 – 125 mg/dl Borderline 

>125 mg/dl Diabetic 

A 1 hour GTT below 180 mg/dl is considered normal 

For a 2 hr GTT with 75 g intake, 

Glucose level <140 mg/dl is normal 

140 -200 mg/dl – impaired glucose tolerance 

>200 mg/dl at 2 hrs - Diabetic

HbA1c

• Below 5.7% - Normal value 
• 5.7 -6.4 – pre diabetes
• 6.5 -7 % Good control
• 7-8% Fair control
• 8-10 – Unsatisfactory control
• >10% Poor control

C peptide

• 0.7 – 3.0 ng/ml

INSULIN

• Fasting : <25 mIU/L
• 30 mins after glucose administration: 30 -230 mIU/L
• 1 hr after glucose administration: 18- 276 mIU/L
• 2 hr after glucose administration: 16-166 mIU/L

Anti Insulin Antibody

• < 10%

Islet Autoantibodies (Insulin Autoantibodies)

HDL (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN)

• Males : > 40 mg/dl Females > 50 mg/dl

LDL

• Optimal < 100 mg/dl
• Near optimal , above optimal 100-130 mg/dl
• Borderline high 130 – 160 mg/dl
• High 160 – 190 mg/dl
• Very high : > 190 mg/dl

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL

• Normal range : <200 mg/dl
• Boderline high : 200-240 mg/dl
• High risk : >240 mg/dl

For children and Adolescents:

• Acceptable : <170 mg/dl
• Boderline 170 -200 mg/dl
• High >200 mg/dl

Triglycerides

• Desirable : <150 mg/dl
• Borderline high : 150 -199 mg/dl
• High : 200 -499 mg/dl
• Very high : >500 mg/dl

VLDL

• 2-30 mg/dl

ANA

• Negative: 0.00 to 1.00 Od ratio
• Positive: more than 1.00 Od ratio

ANTI-STREPTOLYSIN-O

• Adults: <200 IU/ml
• Padiatric range: < 150 Iu/ml
• 5-12 years: < 333 IU/ml

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN(CRP)

• 0-10mg/L

HLAB 27

• Result – Positive / Negative

RHEUMATOID FACTOR

• < 20 IU/ml

URIC ACID

• Males: 3.6- 7.2 mg/dl
• Females: 2.3 -6.1 mg/dl

25 OH VITAMIN D3

• 11 -70 ng/ml

AMYLASE

• < 100 U/L

Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti CCP)

• < 20 EU/mL

CALCIUM

• 8.4 – 10.4 mg/dl

CORTISOL

• At 8 AM : 5.0 -25 mg/dl

• At 4 PM : 2.5 -12.5 mg/dl

HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE

• 1 day 5-53 ng/ml
• 1 week 5-27 ng/ml
• 1-12 months 2-10 ng/ml
• 1yr – Adult 0.06 – 5.0 ng/ml
• Adults : 1-9 ng/ml (Males)
• 16 ng/ml (Females)

INTACT PARATHYROID HORMONE

• 12 -72 pg /ml

LIPASE

• < 60 U/L

PHOSPHORUS

• 2.5 – 4.8 mg/dl

Total IgE

• < 158 IU/ml

T3 (TRI IODO THYRONINE)

• 60-200 ng/dl

Paediatric normal range

• 1-3 days-100 to 740 ng/dl
• 1-11 months -105 to 245 ng/dl

T4 (THYROXINE)

• 4.5-12 ug/dl

Paediatric normal range- 

• 1-3 days- 11.8-22.6 ug/dl
• 1-4 months-7-2-14.4 ug/dl

TSH (THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE)

• 0.35 -5.50 uI U/ml

Pediatric normal range-

• Birth to 4 days-1.0 -39 .0 uI U/ml
• 2 to 20 weeks- 1.7 to 9.1 uI U/ml

FrT3 (FREE TRIIODOTHYRONINE)

• 1.7 -4.20 pg/ml

FrT4 ( FREE THYROXINE)

• 0.7 -1.8 ng/dl

THYROGLOBULIN/TG

• 0-55 ng/ml

ANTI MICROSOMAL ANTIBODIES /THYROID PEROXIDASE

• NEGATIVE – Less than or equal to 1: 10²

PROGESTERONE

Adult Males : 

• 0.28 – 1.22 ng/dl

Adult Females –

Ovulatory cycles

• Follicular Phase : 0.15 – 1.40 ng/dl
• Luteal Phase : 3.34 – 25.56 ng/dl
• Midluteal : 4.44 – 28.03 ng/dl
• Postmenopausal females : ND - 0.73 ng/dl 

Pregnant Females

• First trimester : 11.22 – 90.00 ng/dl
• Second trimester : 25.55 – 89.40 ng/dl
• Third trimester : 48.40 – 422.50 ng/dl

Paediatric normal range

• 12 -20 yrs : 5 -180 ng/dl

17 OH PROGESTERONE (17 OH – PROG)

Adult Male :

• 0.6 1 – 3.34 ng /ml

Female

• Follicular : 0.40 -1.02 ng /ml
• Luteal : 1.26 - 4.28 ng /ml
• OC Pills : 0.14 – 1.11 ng /ml
• Post menopausal : 0.23 - 1.36 ng /ml

Pre pubertal

• 1 M – 1 yr : 1.06 -40.41 ng /ml
• 1 yr - 13 yrs : 0.07 - 1.53 ng /ml

ALFA FETO PROTEIN

Men :

• 0.5 - 5.5 IU/ml

Female :

• 0.5 -5.5 IU/ml

Pregnancy week----Range

• 14^{th Week-----}12.5 - 41.6
• 15^{th Week-----}16.6 – 45.8
• 16^{th Week-----}23.3 – 54.1
• 17^{th Week-----}25.0 – 66.6
• 18^{th Week-----}25.8 – 66.6
• 19^{th Week-----}29.1 – 83.3
• 20^{th Week-----}37.5 – 166.6
• 21^{st Week}----41.6 – 125.0

ANDROSTENEDIONE (A4)

Adult Males : 

• 0.57 – 2.65 ng/ml

Adult Females :

• 0.47 -2.68 ng/ml

ANTI SPERM ANTIBODIES (ASAB)

• Negative < 20.0 U /ml

ESTROL (E1)

Boys :

• >14 days – 7 years : undetectable (16pg/ml)
• 7-11.5 years : undetectable (22 pg/ml)
• 13.6 years : 10.25 pg/ml
• 15 years : 10.46 pg/ml
• 18 years : 10 – 60 pg/ml
• Adults : 10 – 60 pg/ml

Girls :

• >14 days – 7 years : undetectable
• 10.5 years : 10 -33 pg/ml
• 11.5 years : 15-43 pg/ml
• 12.3 years : 16-77 pg/ml
• 14.5years : 17 -200 pg/ml
• Premenopausal : 17 -200 pg/ml
• Post menopausal : 7- 40 pg/ml

ESTRADIOL (E2)

Adult Female : 

Ovulatory Cycle

• Follicular Phase (-12) : 11-69 pg /ml
• Follicular Phase (-4) : 63-165 pg /ml
• Mid Cycle(-1) : 146 - 526 pg /ml
• Luteal Phase (+2) : 38 – 150 pg /ml
• Luteal Phase (+6) :68 - 196 pg /ml
• Luteal Phase (+12) :36 – 133 pg /ml

Untreated Postmenopausal : ND – 37 pg /ml

Adult Male : 

• ND - 52 pg /ml

UNCONJUGATED ESTRIOL (E3)

• 14^th weeks 0.61 – 1.74 ng/ml
• 15^th weeks 0.86 – 2.09 ng/ml
• 16^th weeks 1.11 – 2.50 ng/ml
• 17^th weeks 1.37 – 2.96 ng/ml
• 18^th weeks 1.63 – 3.48 ng/ml
• 19^th weeks 1.86 – 4.02 ng/ml
• 20^th weeks 2.07 – 4.57 ng/ml
• 21^st weeks 1.8 – 9.61 ng/ml
• 22^nd weeks 2.0 – 10.61 ng/ml

BETA HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (ßHCG)

Men and Non Pregnant women :

• < 10.0 mIU/ml

• WEEK RANGE
• 1^st - 2^{nd ---------------------} 10 -94
• 2^nd - 3^{rd ---------------------} 61 -2922
• 3^rd - 4^{th ---------------------} 666-18900
• 4^th – 5^{th ---------------------}1536 - 49380
• 5^th – 6^th -----------------13860 - 90600
• 6^th - 7^th -----------------16380 - 139800
• 7^th - 11^{th --------------------}12540 - 174600
• 11^th -16^{th --------------------}3684 - 61800
• 16^th – 21^{st --------------------}2832 – 48060
• 21^st – 39^{th --------------------}1620 - 46860

DEHYDRO EPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE (DHEAS)

Males:

• 80 -560 mcg/dl

Females:

• Pre menopausal : 35 – 430 mcg/dl
• Post menopausal : 10 -190 mcg/dl

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

Males : 

• 1.4 - 18.1 mIU/ml

Females : 

• Follicular phase : 2.5 – 10.2 mIU/ml
• Mid Cycle peak : 3.4 - 33.4 mIU/ml
• Luteal Phase : 1.5 – 9.1 mIU/ml
• Pregnant : <0.3 mIU/ml
• Post menopause : 23 – 116.3 mIU/ml

Paediatric Normal range :

• 4weeks - 1 year : 0.16 – 4.1 (M)
• 4 weeks – 1 year : 0.24 -14.2 (F)
• 2- 8 years : 0.26 - 3.0 (M)
• 2- 8 years : 1.0 - 4.2 (F)

LUTEINIZING HORMONE

Females :

• Normally Menstruating :
• Follicular Phase : 1.9 -12.5 mIU/ml
• Midcycle peak : 8.7 -76.3 mIU/ml
• Luteal Phase : 0.5 - 16.9 mIU/ml
• Pregnant : < 0.1 - 1.5 mIU/ml
• Post Menopausal : 15.9 - 54.0 mIU/ml

Children  : 

• <0.1 -6.0 mIU/ml

Males

• ( 20-70 years ) : 1.5 -9.3 mIU/ml
• >70 years : 3.1 – 34.6 mIU/ml

PROLACTIN

Male : 

• 2.1 - 17.7 ng /ml

Females :

• Normal Menstruating : 2.8 - 29.2 ng /ml
• Pregnant : 9.7 - 208.5 ng /ml
• Post menopausal : 1.8 - 20.3 ng /ml

TESTOSTERONE

FREE TESTOSTERONE

Adult Male :

• 8.69 - 54.69 pg/ml

Adult Female :

• 0.29 – 3.18 pg/ml
• Follicular Phase : 0.45 - 3.17 pg/ml
• Luteal Phase : 0.46 - 2.48 pg/ml
• Post menopausal : 0.29 - 1.73 pg/ml

SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN

Males : 

13 -71 nmol/L

Females ( Non Pregnant ) : 

18 -114 nmol/L

HAEMOGLOBIN

Male:

• 14.5 g/dl (13.5-18g/dl)

Female:

• 12.5 g/dl (11.5-16g/dl)

Newborns:

• 18-22 g/dl
• At 3 months: 14-16 g/dl
• 3 months-1 year: 13-15 g/dl

TOTAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT

Adults:

• 4000-11000 cells /mcL

New born:

• 10000-25000/ mcL

Infants:

• 6000-18000/ mcL

Children:

• 5000-15000/ mcL

ESR-ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE

Wintrobe method

Males:

• 0-9 mm/hr

Females:

• 0-20 mm/hr

Westergen method

Males:

• 3-5 mm/hr

Females:

• 5-12 mm/hr

PLATELET COUNT

In adults:

• 1.5-4 lakhs/mm³ of blood.

TOTAL RBC COUNT

In adults:

Male:

• 5.2 (4.5 -6) million per mm3 of blood

Female:

• 4.7 (4- 5.5) million per mm3 of blood

HAEMATOCRIT (PACKED CELL VOLUME)

Adult male:

• 46% (40-50%)

Adult female:

• 42% (37-47)

MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME – MCV

In adults :

• 78-96 fl / micrometer³

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN – MCH

• 27 – 33 pg

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION – MCHC

• 30-37 g/dl (or %)

ABSOLUTE EOSINOPHIL COUNT

• 40 – 440 per µl of blood

Anti-hepatitis A virus IgM antibody (HAVM)

OD Ratio

• Negative: <=0.80
• Equivocal:0.80-1.20
• Positive :>=1.2

Anti hepatitis A virus Total antibodies (HAVT)

OD Ratio

• Positive :<0.90
• Equivocal:0.91-1.11
• Positive :>=1.2

Anti Hepatitis B Core Antigen – IgM (AHBc-IgM)

• Negative : <10.0u/ml
• Positive : ≥ 10.0u/ml

ANTI HBc TOTAL

OD Ratio

• Positive : ≥1.15
• Equivocal : 0.85-1.15
• Negative : <0.85

ANTI-HEPATITIS B ENVELOPE ANTIGEN TOTAL ANTIBODY

OD Ratio

• Positive : <1.01
• Equivocal : 1.01-1.10
• Negative : >1.11

HEPATITIS B ENVELOPE ANTIGEN (HbeAg)

OD Ratio

• Negative : ≤0.90
• Equivocal : 0.90-1.00
• Positive : ≥1.00

HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HbsAg)

OD Ratio

• Negative : ≤0.90
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10
• Positive : ≥1.11

ANTI HBs TOTAL Anti hepatitis B Surface Antigen total antibody

OD Ratio

• Negative : <10.0
• Positive : ≥10.0

ANTIHEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEPATITIS E) IgM

OD Ratio

• Positive : ≤0.90
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10
• Negative : ≥1.11

ANTI HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) TOTAL ANTIBODY

OD Ratio

• Negative : ≤ 0.90
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10
• Positive : ≥ 1.11

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS

IgM

• Negative : <0.9 Od ratio
• Boderline positive : 0.9 -1.1 Od ratio
• Positive > 1.1 Od ratio

IgA, IgG

• < 16 RU/ml- negative
• 16-22RU/ml –boderline
• >22RU/ml- positive

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

IgG , IgM

• Negative : ≤0.90 Od ratio
• Equivocal: 0.91 – 1.10 Od ratio
• Positive: ≥ 1.11 Od ratio

COVID 19

DENGUE

NS1 ANTIGENT

• Negative-<0.9 (index)
• Equivocal- 0.9-1.1(index) (repeat test after 1 week)
• Positive->1.1 (index)

DENGU IgM AND DENGUE IgG

• Negative : 1.64 IV or less
• Equivocal : 1.64-2.85 IV (repeat test after 10-14 days)
• Positive : >2.85 IV

HERPES SIMPLEX

IgG

• Negative : < 0.90 OD ratio
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive : >1.11 OD ratio

LEPTOSPIROSIS

IgG AND IgM

• Negative : ≤0.90 OD ratio
• Equivocal :0.91-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive : ≥1.11 OD ratio

PCR 

• POSITIVE-10^5-10⁹ leptospirosis/l

RUBELLA INFECTION

IgM AND IgM

• Negative <0.90 OD ratio
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive :>.11 OD ratio

TOXOPLASMOSIS

TOXOPLASMA IgM , IgG

• Negative :< 0.90
• Equivocal :0.90-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive :>1.1 OD ratio

ANTI Ds DNA

• Negative ≤20 IU/Ml
• Positive >20 IU/Ml

ANA

• Negative: 0.00 to 1.00 Od ratio
• Positive: more than 1.00 Od ratio

ANTI PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY IGG/IGM

• <15 U/ml

ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES

• Normal : ≤ 15
• Positive : > 15

COMPLEMENTS (C3 & C4)

• C3 Adult-0.9- 1.8 g/l
• C4 Adult-0.1 -0.4 g/l

IMMUNOGLOBULIN IgM

• 0.4-2.3 g/l

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G - IgG

• 7-16 g/l

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A - IgA

• 0.7-4.0 g/l

ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES - ANCA

• Negative : <7.0 U/ml
• Positive : >15.0U/ml
• Equivocal : 7.0-15.0U/ml

COLOUR

• Normal urine can vary from pale light yellow to a dark amber colour.

CLARITY

• Normally clear

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

• 1.003 – 1.040

pH

• 4.5 to 8.0

PROTEIN

• 0 to 14 mg/dL
• 24-hour urine collection - < 80 mg

GLUCOSE

• 0 to 0.8 mmol/L

KETONES

• Small: <20 mg/dl
• Moderate: 30 to 40 mg/dl
• Large: >80 mg/dl

BILIRUBIN

• Bilirubin is not present in the urine of normal, healthy people

RED BLOOD CELLS

• Normally very few or no red cells are seen

WBCs

• Normally very few or no white cells are seen

EPITHELIAL CELLS

• >15-20 squamous epithelial cells/ HPF or more indicates that the urinary specimen is contaminated

BACTERIA, YEAST, PARASITES

• Normally no bacteria, yeast cells, parasites are present

CASTS

• Normally very few or no casts are seen

CRYSTALS

• Few crystals are normally seen

Direct Bilirubin

0-0.3 mg/dl

Indirect Bilirubin

0.2 - 0.9 mg/dl

SGOT / AST (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic transaminase / Asparate Aminotransferase)

10-40 U/L

ALT / SGPT ( ALANINIE AMINOTRANSFERASE / SERUM GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE)

10 -40 U/L

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

Males : 53 – 128 U/L

Females : 42 -98 U/L

Infants : 150 – 420 U/L Children : 100 -320 U/L

GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE / GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE

• male : <50
• Female <30

SERUM ALBUMIN

3.2 – 5.0 g/dl

GLOBULIN

Adults : 2 - 3.5 g/dl

Alpha 1 - 0.1 – 0.3 g/dl

Alpha 2 : 0.6 -1 g/dl

Beta : 0.7 -1.1 g/dl

A/G RATIO

2: 1

FrT3 (FREE TRIIODOTHYRONINE)

• 1.7 -4.20 pg/ml

FrT4 ( FREE THYROXINE)

• 0.7 -1.8 ng/dl

BLOOD UREA NITROGEN

• BUN - 7-18 mg /dl
• Urea – 10- 40 mg/dl
• BUN reflects only the nitrogen content of Urea and Urea measurement reflects the whole of the molecule, Urea is approximately twice(2.14)that of BUN

CHLORIDE

• 98 – 106 mmol/L

CREATININE

• 0.7 - 1.4 mg%

POTASSIUM

• 3.5 - 5.1 mmol/L

SODIUM

• 136 - 145 mmol/L

FERRITIN

• Male- 22-322 ng/dl
• Female – 10-292 ng/dl

FOLIC ACID

• 3-17 ng/ml

IRON

• Men- 59- 158 ug/dl
• Female -37-145 ug/dl

Pediatric Normal range –

• New born- 100-200 ug/dl
• Infant- 40-100 ug/dl
• Children-50-120ug/dl

TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY

• Normal range& Test Units : 228-428 mg/dl 
• Paediatric normal range : 281-483 mg/dl

VITAMIN B 12

• Normal range & Test Units : 200-910 pg/ml

CA 15.3

• <38.6 U/ml

CA 19.9

• < 37 U/ml

CA 125

• <36 U/ml

COMPLEXED PSA (cPSA)

• <3.6mg/ml

FREE PSA

• < 0.05 – 0.42 ng/ml

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN

• Normal: < 4 ng/ml
• Borderline: 4 -10 ng/ml

CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN

• 0 – 2.5 ng/ml
• Smokers : 0 -5 ng/ml

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE

• < 3.5 ng/ml

APOLIPOPROTEIN B

• Male : 55-140 mg/dl
• Female : 55 -125 mg/dl

ApoB / Apo A1 Ratio

CREATINE KINASE –MB(CK-MB)

• 0-5ng/ml

HIGH SENSITIVITY CRP(hs – CRP)

• <0.3mg/dl

LIPOPROTEIN A

• < 30 mg/dl

Troponin (I or T)

• Normal Range : < 0.04 ng/ml
• Probable heart attack : > 0.40 ng/ml

HDL (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN)

• Males : > 40 mg/dl Females > 50 mg/dl

LDL

• Optimal < 100 mg/dl
• Near optimal , above optimal 100-130 mg/dl
• Borderline high 130 – 160 mg/dl
• High 160 – 190 mg/dl
• Very high : > 190 mg/dl

TOTAL PROTEIN

• 6.0 -8.3 g/dl

VLDL

• 2-30 mg/dl

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1

• Adult Male 120 -205mg/dl
• Female : 140 -215 mg/dl

FBS

• Normal fasting Glucose 70-110 mg/dl
• Pre diabetes: 110-125 mg/dl
• Diabetes > 125 mg/dl

PPBS

• < 140 mg/dl

RBS

• < 80 -160 mg/dl

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (GTT)

Fasting plasma glucose (measured before GTT) :

< 110 mg/dl Normal 

110 – 125 mg/dl Borderline 

>125 mg/dl Diabetic 

A 1 hour GTT below 180 mg/dl is considered normal 

For a 2 hr GTT with 75 g intake, 

Glucose level <140 mg/dl is normal 

140 -200 mg/dl – impaired glucose tolerance 

>200 mg/dl at 2 hrs - Diabetic

HbA1c

• Below 5.7% - Normal value 
• 5.7 -6.4 – pre diabetes
• 6.5 -7 % Good control
• 7-8% Fair control
• 8-10 – Unsatisfactory control
• >10% Poor control

C peptide

• 0.7 – 3.0 ng/ml

INSULIN

• Fasting : <25 mIU/L
• 30 mins after glucose administration: 30 -230 mIU/L
• 1 hr after glucose administration: 18- 276 mIU/L
• 2 hr after glucose administration: 16-166 mIU/L

Anti Insulin Antibody

• < 10%

Islet Autoantibodies (Insulin Autoantibodies)

Total Cholesterol

• Normal range : <200 mg/dl
• Boderline high : 200-240 mg/dl
• High risk : >240 mg/dl

For children and Adolescents:

• Acceptable : <170 mg/dl
• Boderline 170 -200 mg/dl
• High >200 mg/dl

Triglycerides

• Desirable : <150 mg/dl
• Borderline high : 150 -199 mg/dl
• High : 200 -499 mg/dl
• Very high : >500 mg/dl

THYROGLOBULIN/TG

• 0-55 ng/ml

ANTI-STREPTOLYSIN-O

• Adults: <200 IU/ml
• Padiatric range: < 150 Iu/ml
• 5-12 years: < 333 IU/ml

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN(CRP)

• 0-10mg/L

HLAB 27

• Result – Positive / Negative

RHEUMATOID FACTOR

• < 20 IU/ml

URIC ACID

• Males: 3.6- 7.2 mg/dl
• Females: 2.3 -6.1 mg/dl

25 OH VITAMIN D3

• 11 -70 ng/ml

AMYLASE

• < 100 U/L

Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide

• < 20 EU/mL

CALCIUM

• 8.4 – 10.4 mg/dl

CORTISOL

• At 8 AM : 5.0 -25 mg/dl

• At 4 PM : 2.5 -12.5 mg/dl

HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE

• 1 day 5-53 ng/ml
• 1 week 5-27 ng/ml
• 1-12 months 2-10 ng/ml
• 1yr – Adult 0.06 – 5.0 ng/ml
• Adults : 1-9 ng/ml (Males)
• 16 ng/ml (Females)

INTACT PARATHYROID HORMONE

• 12 -72 pg /ml

LIPASE

• < 60 U/L

PHOSPHORUS

• 2.5 – 4.8 mg/dl

Total IgE

• < 158 IU/ml

T3 (TRI IODO THYRONINE)

• 60-200 ng/dl

Paediatric normal range

• 1-3 days-100 to 740 ng/dl
• 1-11 months -105 to 245 ng/dl

T4 (THYROXINE)

• 4.5-12 ug/dl

Paediatric normal range- 

• 1-3 days- 11.8-22.6 ug/dl
• 1-4 months-7-2-14.4 ug/dl

TSH (THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE)

• 0.35 -5.50 uI U/ml

Pediatric normal range-

• Birth to 4 days-1.0 -39 .0 uI U/ml
• 2 to 20 weeks- 1.7 to 9.1 uI U/ml

ANTI MICROSOMAL ANTIBODIES /THYROID PEROXIDASE

• NEGATIVE – Less than or equal to 1: 10²

PROGESTERONE

Adult Males : 

• 0.28 – 1.22 ng/dl

Adult Females –

Ovulatory cycles

• Follicular Phase : 0.15 – 1.40 ng/dl
• Luteal Phase : 3.34 – 25.56 ng/dl
• Midluteal : 4.44 – 28.03 ng/dl
• Postmenopausal females : ND - 0.73 ng/dl 

Pregnant Females

• First trimester : 11.22 – 90.00 ng/dl
• Second trimester : 25.55 – 89.40 ng/dl
• Third trimester : 48.40 – 422.50 ng/dl

Paediatric normal range

• 12 -20 yrs : 5 -180 ng/dl

17 OH PROGESTERONE (17 OH – PROG)

Adult Male :

• 0.6 1 – 3.34 ng /ml

Female

• Follicular : 0.40 -1.02 ng /ml
• Luteal : 1.26 - 4.28 ng /ml
• OC Pills : 0.14 – 1.11 ng /ml
• Post menopausal : 0.23 - 1.36 ng /ml

Pre pubertal

• 1 M – 1 yr : 1.06 -40.41 ng /ml
• 1 yr - 13 yrs : 0.07 - 1.53 ng /ml

ALFA FETO PROTEIN

Men :

• 0.5 - 5.5 IU/ml

Female :

• 0.5 -5.5 IU/ml

Pregnancy week----Range

• 14^{th Week-----}12.5 - 41.6
• 15^{th Week-----}16.6 – 45.8
• 16^{th Week-----}23.3 – 54.1
• 17^{th Week-----}25.0 – 66.6
• 18^{th Week-----}25.8 – 66.6
• 19^{th Week-----}29.1 – 83.3
• 20^{th Week-----}37.5 – 166.6
• 21^{st Week}----41.6 – 125.0

ANDROSTENEDIONE (A4)

Adult Males : 

• 0.57 – 2.65 ng/ml

Adult Females :

• 0.47 -2.68 ng/ml

ANTI SPERM ANTIBODIES (ASAB)

• Negative < 20.0 U /ml

ESTROL (E1)

Boys :

• >14 days – 7 years : undetectable (16pg/ml)
• 7-11.5 years : undetectable (22 pg/ml)
• 13.6 years : 10.25 pg/ml
• 15 years : 10.46 pg/ml
• 18 years : 10 – 60 pg/ml
• Adults : 10 – 60 pg/ml

Girls :

• >14 days – 7 years : undetectable
• 10.5 years : 10 -33 pg/ml
• 11.5 years : 15-43 pg/ml
• 12.3 years : 16-77 pg/ml
• 14.5years : 17 -200 pg/ml
• Premenopausal : 17 -200 pg/ml
• Post menopausal : 7- 40 pg/ml

ESTRADIOL (E2)

Adult Female : 

Ovulatory Cycle

• Follicular Phase (-12) : 11-69 pg /ml
• Follicular Phase (-4) : 63-165 pg /ml
• Mid Cycle(-1) : 146 - 526 pg /ml
• Luteal Phase (+2) : 38 – 150 pg /ml
• Luteal Phase (+6) :68 - 196 pg /ml
• Luteal Phase (+12) :36 – 133 pg /ml

Untreated Postmenopausal : ND – 37 pg /ml

Adult Male : 

• ND - 52 pg /ml

UNCONJUGATED ESTRIOL (E3)

• 14^th weeks 0.61 – 1.74 ng/ml
• 15^th weeks 0.86 – 2.09 ng/ml
• 16^th weeks 1.11 – 2.50 ng/ml
• 17^th weeks 1.37 – 2.96 ng/ml
• 18^th weeks 1.63 – 3.48 ng/ml
• 19^th weeks 1.86 – 4.02 ng/ml
• 20^th weeks 2.07 – 4.57 ng/ml
• 21^st weeks 1.8 – 9.61 ng/ml
• 22^nd weeks 2.0 – 10.61 ng/ml

BETA HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (ßHCG)

Men and Non Pregnant women :

• < 10.0 mIU/ml

• WEEK RANGE
• 1^st - 2^{nd ---------------------} 10 -94
• 2^nd - 3^{rd ---------------------} 61 -2922
• 3^rd - 4^{th ---------------------} 666-18900
• 4^th – 5^{th ---------------------}1536 - 49380
• 5^th – 6^th -----------------13860 - 90600
• 6^th - 7^th -----------------16380 - 139800
• 7^th - 11^{th --------------------}12540 - 174600
• 11^th -16^{th --------------------}3684 - 61800
• 16^th – 21^{st --------------------}2832 – 48060
• 21^st – 39^{th --------------------}1620 - 46860

DEHYDRO EPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE (DHEAS)

Males:

• 80 -560 mcg/dl

Females:

• Pre menopausal : 35 – 430 mcg/dl
• Post menopausal : 10 -190 mcg/dl

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE

Males : 

• 1.4 - 18.1 mIU/ml

Females : 

• Follicular phase : 2.5 – 10.2 mIU/ml
• Mid Cycle peak : 3.4 - 33.4 mIU/ml
• Luteal Phase : 1.5 – 9.1 mIU/ml
• Pregnant : <0.3 mIU/ml
• Post menopause : 23 – 116.3 mIU/ml

Paediatric Normal range :

• 4weeks - 1 year : 0.16 – 4.1 (M)
• 4 weeks – 1 year : 0.24 -14.2 (F)
• 2- 8 years : 0.26 - 3.0 (M)
• 2- 8 years : 1.0 - 4.2 (F)

LUTEINIZING HORMONE

Females :

• Normally Menstruating :
• Follicular Phase : 1.9 -12.5 mIU/ml
• Midcycle peak : 8.7 -76.3 mIU/ml
• Luteal Phase : 0.5 - 16.9 mIU/ml
• Pregnant : < 0.1 - 1.5 mIU/ml
• Post Menopausal : 15.9 - 54.0 mIU/ml

Children  : 

• <0.1 -6.0 mIU/ml

Males

• ( 20-70 years ) : 1.5 -9.3 mIU/ml
• >70 years : 3.1 – 34.6 mIU/ml

PROLACTIN

Male : 

• 2.1 - 17.7 ng /ml

Females :

• Normal Menstruating : 2.8 - 29.2 ng /ml
• Pregnant : 9.7 - 208.5 ng /ml
• Post menopausal : 1.8 - 20.3 ng /ml

TESTOSTERONE

FREE TESTOSTERONE

Adult Male :

• 8.69 - 54.69 pg/ml

Adult Female :

• 0.29 – 3.18 pg/ml
• Follicular Phase : 0.45 - 3.17 pg/ml
• Luteal Phase : 0.46 - 2.48 pg/ml
• Post menopausal : 0.29 - 1.73 pg/ml

SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN

Males : 

13 -71 nmol/L

Females ( Non Pregnant ) : 

18 -114 nmol/L

HAEMOGLOBIN

Male:

• 14.5 g/dl (13.5-18g/dl)

Female:

• 12.5 g/dl (11.5-16g/dl)

Newborns:

• 18-22 g/dl
• At 3 months: 14-16 g/dl
• 3 months-1 year: 13-15 g/dl

TOTAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT

Adults:

• 4000-11000 cells /mcL

New born:

• 10000-25000/ mcL

Infants:

• 6000-18000/ mcL

Children:

• 5000-15000/ mcL

DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT

ESR-ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE

Wintrobe method

Males:

• 0-9 mm/hr

Females:

• 0-20 mm/hr

Westergen method

Males:

• 3-5 mm/hr

Females:

• 5-12 mm/hr

PLATELET COUNT

In adults:

• 1.5-4 lakhs/mm³ of blood.

TOTAL RBC COUNT

In adults:

Male:

• 5.2 (4.5 -6) million per mm3 of blood

Female:

• 4.7 (4- 5.5) million per mm3 of blood

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN – MCH

• 27 – 33 pg

MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION – MCHC

• 30-37 g/dl (or %)

ABSOLUTE EOSINOPHIL COUNT

• 40 – 440 per µl of blood

MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME – MCV

In adults :

• 78-96 fl / micrometer³

HAEMATOCRIT (PACKED CELL VOLUME)

Adult male:

• 46% (40-50%)

Adult female:

• 42% (37-47)

Anti-hepatitis A virus IgM antibody (HAVM)

OD Ratio

• Negative: <=0.80
• Equivocal:0.80-1.20
• Positive :>=1.2

Anti-hepatitis A virus Total antibodies (HAVT)

OD Ratio

• Positive :<0.90
• Equivocal:0.91-1.11
• Positive :>=1.2

Anti Hepatitis B Core Antigen – IgM (AHBc-IgM)

• Negative : <10.0u/ml
• Positive : ≥ 10.0u/ml

ANTI HBc TOTAL

OD Ratio

• Positive : ≥1.15
• Equivocal : 0.85-1.15
• Negative : <0.85

ANTI-HEPATITIS B ENVELOPE ANTIGEN TOTAL ANTIBODY

OD Ratio

• Positive : <1.01
• Equivocal : 1.01-1.10
• Negative : >1.11

HEPATITIS B ENVELOPE ANTIGEN (HbeAg)

OD Ratio

• Negative : ≤0.90
• Equivocal : 0.90-1.00
• Positive : ≥1.00

HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HbsAg)

OD Ratio

• Negative : ≤0.90
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10
• Positive : ≥1.11

ANTI HBs TOTAL Anti hepatitis B Surface Antigen total antibody

OD Ratio

• Negative : <10.0
• Positive : ≥10.0

ANTIHEPATITIS E VIRUS (HEPATITIS E) IgM

OD Ratio

• Positive : ≤0.90
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10
• Negative : ≥1.11

ANTI HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) TOTAL ANTIBODY

OD Ratio

• Negative : ≤ 0.90
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10
• Positive : ≥ 1.11

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS

IgM

• Negative : <0.9 Od ratio
• Boderline positive : 0.9 -1.1 Od ratio
• Positive > 1.1 Od ratio

IgA, IgG

• < 16 RU/ml- negative
• 16-22RU/ml –boderline
• >22RU/ml- positive

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

IgG , IgM

• Negative : ≤0.90 Od ratio
• Equivocal: 0.91 – 1.10 Od ratio
• Positive: ≥ 1.11 Od ratio

COVID 19

DENGUE

NS1 ANTIGENT

• Negative-<0.9 (index)
• Equivocal- 0.9-1.1(index) (repeat test after 1 week)
• Positive->1.1 (index)

DENGU IgM AND DENGUE IgG

• Negative : 1.64 IV or less
• Equivocal : 1.64-2.85 IV (repeat test after 10-14 days)
• Positive : >2.85 IV

HERPES SIMPLEX

IgG

• Negative : < 0.90 OD ratio
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive : >1.11 OD ratio

LEPTOSPIROSIS

IgG AND IgM

• Negative : ≤0.90 OD ratio
• Equivocal :0.91-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive : ≥1.11 OD ratio

PCR 

• POSITIVE-10^5-10⁹ leptospirosis/l

RUBELLA INFECTION

IgM AND IgM

• Negative <0.90 OD ratio
• Equivocal : 0.91-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive :>.11 OD ratio

TOXOPLASMOSIS

TOXOPLASMA IgM , IgG

• Negative :< 0.90
• Equivocal :0.90-1.10 OD ratio
• Positive :>1.1 OD ratio

ANTI Ds DNA

• Negative ≤20 IU/Ml
• Positive >20 IU/Ml

ANA

• Negative: 0.00 to 1.00 Od ratio
• Positive: more than 1.00 Od ratio

ANTI PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY IGG/IGM

• <15 U/ml

ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES

• Normal : ≤ 15
• Positive : > 15

COMPLEMENTS (C3 & C4)

• C3 Adult-0.9- 1.8 g/l
• C4 Adult-0.1 -0.4 g/l

IMMUNOGLOBULIN IgM

• 0.4-2.3 g/l

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G - IgG

• 7-16 g/l

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A - IgA

• 0.7-4.0 g/l

ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES - ANCA

• Negative : <7.0 U/ml
• Positive : >15.0U/ml
• Equivocal : 7.0-15.0U/ml

VOLUME

• 1.5 -5 ml

LIQUEFACTION

• 15-20 minutes

SPERM COUNT (CONCENTRATION)

• 20- 150 million/ml

MOTILITY

• >50-60 %

MORPHOLOGY

• > 50%

pH

• 7.2- 7.8

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

• <1million /ml

DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT

• Neutrophils: 50-70%
• Eosinophils: 1-4%
• Basophils: 0-1%
• Lymphocyte: 20-40%
• Monocyte: 2-8%
• Infants and children have fewer neutrophils (40-60%) and more lymphocytes (25-56%)

TOTAL PROTEIN

• 6.0 -8.3 g/dl