A/G RATIO

2: 1

• Serum proteins are grossly separated into albumin and globulins, i.e., total protein = albumin + globulin. Album is of highest concentration in the serum. 

  Albumin/globulin ratio is the calculation of serum albumin compare to serum globulin level to determine whether there is an over production or underproduction of gamma-globulin. A/G ratio may provide a clue as to the cause of the change in Protein levels.

• When there is s/s like unexplained weight loss, Fatigue, Oedema
• When there is symptoms of liver disease, kidney disease, or bone marrow disorder

• Diseases with low gamma-globulin production such as agammaglobuminemia. 
• Leukemias

• over production of gamma – globulin (monoclonal/polyclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma or autoimmune diseases etc.) 
• Low albumin (low production as in cirrhosis or excessive loss as in nephrotic syndrome or protein losing enteropathy etc.).