ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES - ANCA

Description

  • Negative : <7.0 U/ml
  • Positive : >15.0U/ml
  • Equivocal : 7.0-15.0U/ml

Clinical significance

  • Antinuetrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are antibodies produced by the immune system that mistakenly target and attack specific proteins within neutrophils. ANCA may be present in several auto immune disorders that cause inflammation, tissue damage, and organ failure. Few types of systemic vasculitis are associated with the production of ANCA.
  • ANCA helps to detect and diagnose certain forms of auto immune vasculitis, including Wegener granulomatosis and also helps to distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease
  • Two of the most common ANCAs are Cytoplasmic-c-ANCA and Perinuclear-p-ANCA
  • C-ANCA are present in 90% of patients with active generalised Wegener’s granulomatosis(WG)
  • C-ANCA are frequently seen in microsccopic polyarthritis nodosa and idiopathic necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis
  • P-ANCA is found in many cases of microscopic polyarteritis and glomerulonephritis. P-ANCA are also found in patients with Crohn’s disease

When to get tested

  • When there is s/s that suggest systemic auto immune vasculitis (initially non specific s/s like fever, fatigue , weight loss, muscle and/or joint aches, night sweats and as the disease progress s/s like red itchy eyes or pink eye, hearing loss, runny nose , granuloma, proteinuria)

Elevated level

  • Wegener’s granulomatosis
  • Polyangitis overlap syndrome
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Churg strauss syndrome
  • Glomerulonephritis

Decreased level

Profile

Autoimmune disorders

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